Mabhatiri eSodium-ion: Remangwana reIndasitiri yeMotokari Itsva yeSimba

Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yemotokari itsva dzemagetsi yave ichikura nekukurumidza, uye China yakatosvika padanho repamusoro mukugadzira mota, netekinoroji yayo yemabhatiri ichitungamira pasi rose. Kazhinji, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekugadzira zvinogona kuderedza mitengo, zvichikonzera kunaka kwemhando uye kudzikira kwemitengo yezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira. Nhasi, chinyorwa chino chinoongorora maonero emitengo yemabhatiri emagetsi emotokari itsva, ichitarisa kana vatengi vachigona kutenga mota itsva dzemagetsi dzinodhura zvakanyanya mushure mekutengeswa kwemabhatiri e sodium-ion.

01 Mutengo weMotokari Itsva dzeSimba

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinodhura zvemotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena muchikamu chemotokari itsva dzemagetsi ndezvinotevera:

Kubva padata riri pagirafu, zviri pachena kuti bhatiri ndiro chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa mutengo wemotokari yese. Sezvo mitengo yebhatiri ichikwira, inopfuudzwa kuzvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira. Saka, mitengo yebhatiri remagetsi inotarwa sei?

02 Mutengo weMabhatiri Emagetsi

Zviri pachena kuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha pakusarudza mutengo wemagetsi ebhatiri. Data rakaburitswa neChina Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance rinoratidza kuti kana tichienzanisa nekutanga kwegore rapfuura, avhareji yemutengo wezvinhu zvemainstream ternary lithium battery cathode yakakwira ne108.9%, nepo avhareji yemutengo wezvinhu zve lithium iron phosphate battery cathode yakawedzera ne182.5%. Avhareji yemutengo we ternary lithium battery electrolytes yakawedzera ne146.2%, uye we lithium iron phosphate battery electrolytes yakakwira ne190.2%. Mabhatiri makuru haagone kurarama asina lithium, saka ngatitarisei mafambiro emitengo ye lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, uye lithium iron phosphate:

Kukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu zvemabhatiri e lithium kunokonzerwa nepfungwa dzakasangana neindasitiri ye lithium kwemakore maviri ekudzikira kuri kuramba kuchiita zvinhu, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemari inowanikwa nekuda kwekurasikirwa. Zvisinei, kukura nekukurumidza kwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi kwakaitawo kuti kudiwa kwemabhatiri e lithium kuve kwakanyanya. Nyika pasi rose dzakaisa zvinangwa zvemagetsi emotokari, zvichiwedzera kupesana kwekudiwa kwemagetsi uye zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwenguva refu kwemitengo yezvinhu zvemabhatiri e lithium. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mabhatiri emagetsi angatadza sei kuwedzera mutengo?

03 Mabhatiri eSodium-ion ane Mari Yakanaka yeMotokari Itsva Anosvika Papi?

Zvichienderana nekuti zvicherwa zve lithium zvakaderera zvakanyanya paNyika, kusvika muna 2020, matura e lithium ore (lithium carbonate) pasi rose aive matani mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri nemasere, aine zvicherwa zvematani mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mana nemapfumbamwe, zvakanyanya kupararira munyika dzakadai seChile, Australia, Argentina, neBolivia. China iri pachinzvimbo chechina maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwe lithium kwakasimbiswa, ichive ne7.1%, uye yechitatu mukugadzirwa kwe lithium ore, ichive ne17.1%. Zvisinei, munyu we lithium wekuChina hauna kunaka uye wakaoma kugadzira nekugadzirisa. Naizvozvo, China inonyanya kuvimba nekupinza Australian lithium concentrates neSouth America lithium salts. China parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kushandisa lithium pasi rose, ichive ne39% yekushandiswa muna 2019. Munguva pfupi, zvicherwa zve lithium zvakaganhurirwa nekuda kwekutengeswa kwenyika, uye munguva refu, kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e lithium-ion kuchadziviswa nezvicherwa zve lithium. Nokudaro, mabhatiri e sodium-ion, ane matura akawanda, mabhenefiti emutengo uye kuchengetedzeka, anogona kuva nzira yakakosha yekuvandudza indasitiri yemabhatiri mune ramangwana.

Kutaura zvazviri, kubva muna Chikunguru 2021, CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.) yakanga yatoburitsa bhatiri re sodium-ion uye yakazivisa kutanga kwehurongwa hwayo hwekugadzira maindasitiri, neketani huru yemaindasitiri yakarongerwa kuumbwa panosvika 2023. Imwe nhau dzakanaka ndeyekuti musi wa28 Chikunguru gore rapfuura, mutsetse wekutanga wekugadzira bhatiri re sodium-ion pasi rose we1 GWh wakapedzwa muFuyang, Anhui Province. Mota itsva dzesimba dzinoshandisa mabhatiri e sodium-ion hadzisi kure zvakanyanya.

Kutengeswa kwemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba dzinoshandisa mabhatiri e sodium-ion nemitengo iri nani kuchabatsirawo zvikuru mukusimudzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzinochenesa utsanana mumaguta muChina yese. YIWEI Automotive yagara yakazvipira mukugadzira nekugadzira chassis yemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba, kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu emagetsi, kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekudzora hungwaru hwekutonga simba hunoiswa mumotokari, uye kuvandudzwa kwekubatana kwemotokari uye matekinoroji makuru edata. Tave tiri pamberi peindasitiri yemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba uye tave tichitevera zvakanyanya tekinoroji yemagetsi, zvichiunza vatengi vari muchikamu chemotokari dzakazvipira mota itsva dzinoshandisa simba zviri nyore, zvinoshanda, uye zviri nyore kushandisa.

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